Integrated Circuits (ICs)
Integrated Circuits (ICs) are semiconductor devices that combine multiple electronic components—such as transistors, resistors, capacitors, and diodes—onto a single chip of semiconductor material, typically silicon. This integration enables complex circuit functions to be implemented in a compact, reliable, and cost-effective form. ICs can perform analog, digital, or mixed-signal operations, depending on their design, and are fundamental building blocks in modern electronics.
